March 2010 Examinations
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Test Plans
In developing its examinations, the NBCE follows test plans that specify the content areas and weighting. Test plans are specific to each examination.
Part I: Test Plan
General Anatomy
I. Topographical Anatomy (8%)
- Planes of the body and anatomical terminology
- Head and neck
- Back and thorax
- Abdomen, pelvis and perineum
- Upper and lower limbs
- Integument (including histology)
II. Osteology of the Appendicular Skeleton (15%)
- Upper limb and shoulder girdle
- Lower limb and hip bone
- Development
- Histology
III. Arthrology and Syndesmology of the Appendicular Skeleton (15%)
- Classification of joints
- Articulations of the appendicular skeleton
- Biomechanics
IV. Myology of the Appendicular Skeleton (18%)
- Upper limb and shoulder (including innervation)
- Lower limb and pelvic girdle (including innervation)
- Development
- Structure and histology
V. Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems (13%)
- Heart
- Arteries
- Veins
- Lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissue (including spleen and thymus)
- Development
- Histology
VI. Digestive System (10%)
- Oral cavity and pharynx
- Digestive viscera
- Development
- Histology
VII. Respiratory System (8%)
- Nose and sinuses
- Larynx, trachea and bronchi
- Lungs, pleura and mediastinum
- Development
- Histology
VIII. Urogenital System (8%)
- Urinary organs
- Male reproductive organs
- Female reproductive organs
- Development
- Histology
IX. Endocrine System (5%)
- Endocrine glands and tissues
- Development
- Histology
Spinal Anatomy
I. Osteology of the Axial Skeleton (19%)
- Skull
- Vertebral column
- Ribs and sternum
- Development
II. Myology of the Axial Skeleton (15%)
- Face and head
- Back and neck
- Thorax and abdomen
- Pelvis and perineum
- Development
III. Arthrology and Syndesmology of the Axial Skeleton (13%)
- Classification of joints
- Articulations of the axial skeleton
- Biomechanics
IV. Anatomy of the Central Nervous System and Related Structures (23%)
- Cerebrum
- Brainstem and cerebellum
- Spinal cord and meninges
- Blood vascular relationships
- Ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid
- Development
- Histology
V. Anatomy of the Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous Systems (21%)
- Spinal nerves and plexuses
- Cranial nerves
- Visceral innervation
- Cutaneous innervation
- Development
- Histology
VI. Organs of Special Senses (9%)
- Vision
- Audition and equilibrium
- Olfaction
- Gustation
- Development
- Histology
Physiology
I. Neurophysiology (22%)
- Membrane potentials, action potentials, and synaptic transmission
- Motor function
- Sensory function
- Autonomic function
- Higher cortical function
- Special senses
II. Muscle Physiology (15%)
- Cardiac muscle
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle
III. Cardiovascular Physiology (15%)
- Cardiac pump
- Electrophysiology of the heart
- Hemodynamics
- Regulation of circulation
- Circulation in organs
- Lymphatics
- Hematology and immunity
IV. Respiratory Physiology (9%)
- Mechanics of breathing
- Ventilation, lung volumes and capacities
- Regulation of respiration
- O2 and CO2 transport
- Gas exchange
V. Body Fluids and Renal Physiology (10%)
- Regulation of body fluids/ micturation
- Glomerular filtration
- Tubular exchange
- Acid-base balance
VI. Gastrointestinal Physiology (9%)
- Ingestion/motility
- Digestion/secretion
- Absorption
- Regulation of GI function
VII. Reproductive Physiology (5%)
VIII. Endocrine Physiology (9%)
- Secretion of hormones
- Action of hormones
- Regulation
IX. Exercise and Sports Physiology (6%)
Chemistry
I. Carbohydrates (18%)
- Metabolism
- Catabolic pathways
- Anabolic pathways
- Chemistry
- Structure
- Properties
- Function
- Nutritional concepts
- Food sources
- Digestion
II. Lipids (18%)
- Metabolism
- Catabolic pathways
- Anabolic pathways
- Chemistry
- Structure
- Properties
- Function
- Transport
- Nutritional Concepts
- Food sources
- Digestion
III. Proteins, Amino Acids and Peptides (17%)
- Amino acid metabolism
- Catabolic pathways
- Anabolic pathways
- Chemistry
- Structure
- Properties
- Function
- Nutritional concepts
- Food sources
- Digestion
IV. Enzymes (7%)
- Classification and function
- Kinetics and regulation
V. Hormones (6%)
- Metabolic effects of specific hormones
- Carbohydrate metabolism
- Lipid metabolism
- Protein metabolism
- General properties
- Chemistry
- Mechanism of action
VI. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids (10%)
- Metabolism of purines and pyrimidines
- Chemistry
- Structure
- Properties
- Function
- DNA, RNA and protein synthesis
VII. Vitamins and Minerals (14%)
- Chemistry
- Structure
- Properties
- Function
- Coenzyme precursors
- Nutritional concepts
- Food sources
- Absorption
- Storage
VIII. Biochemical Energetics (10%)
- Basic concepts
- High-energy phosphate compounds
- Oxidation-reduction reactions
- Krebs cycle
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- Electron transport system
Pathology
I. Fundamentals of Pathology (21%)
- Disease at the cellular level
- Inflammation and repair
- Neoplasia
- Hemodynamic disorders
II. Genetic and Congenital Disorders (4%)
- Chromosomal disorders
- Inborn errors of metabolism
- Congenital disorders
III. Disorders of the Immune System (7%)
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Autoimmune diseases
- Immunologic deficiencies
IV. Environmental and Nutritional Diseases (5%)
V. Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System (18%)
- Bone
- Joint
- Muscle
VI. Disorders of the Nervous System (11%)
- Central nervous system
- Peripheral nervous system
VII. Diseases of the Organ Systems (34%)
- Cardiovascular
- Gastrointestinal
- Respiratory
- Genitourinary
- Endocrine
- Blood and lymphatics
Microbiology and Public Health
I. Principles of Microbiology (12%)
- Microbial structures and functions
- Systematic medical microbiology
- Morphology
- Cultures
- Biochemical characteristics
- Resistance
- Microbial genetics
- Antigenicity
- Pathogenicity
II. Communicable and Infectious Diseases (45%)
- Bacteria, chlamydia, rickettsia and mycoplasma
- Viruses and prions
- Fungi
- Parasites
III. Epidemiology and Infectious Disease Management (16%)
- Health agencies and parameters used by epidemiologists
- Reservoirs of infection and modes of transmission
- Prevention and control
- Emerging diseases
- Morbidity and mortality
IV. Environmental Health (10%)
- Community health
- Occupational health
- Pollution (solid waste, water and air)
V. Immunology (17%)
- Types of immunity/hypersensitivities
- Cells of the immune system
- Antigens, antibodies and complement
- Immunization/vaccination
- Assessment of immune responses/serology
Part II: Test Plan
- General Diagnosis
- Neuromusculoskeletal Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Imaging
- Principles of Chiropractic
- Chiropractic Practice
- Associated Clinical Sciences
General Diagnosis
I. Case History (8%)
II. Vital Signs (3%)
III. Head and Neck Examination/Findings (6%)
- Eye
- Ear
- Nose and sinuses
- Mouth and throat
- Neck
IV. Thorax Examination/Findings (including heart and lungs) (7%)
- Inspection
- Auscultation
- Percussion
- Palpation
V. Abdominal Examination/Findings (7%)
- Inspection
- Auscultation
- Percussion
- Palpation
VI. Rectal and Urogenital Examination/Findings (4%)
- Rectal
- Male urogenital
VII. Clinical Diagnosis (55%)
- Eyes, ears, nose and throat
- Respiratory diseases
- Cardiovascular diseases
- Blood and lymphatic diseases
- Gastrointestinal diseases
- Genitourinary diseases
- Endocrine and metabolic disorders
- Immunological disorders
- Nutritional disorders
- Infectious diseases
VIII. Laboratory Interpretation (10%)
- Urinalysis
- Hematology
- Chemistry/serology
- Special studies
Neuromusculoskeletal Diagnosis
I. Case History (11%)
II. Posture and Gait Assessment (5%)
III. Orthopedic Examination (24%)
- Cervical spine
- Thoracic spine
- Lumbar spine and pelvis
- Extremities
IV. Neurologic Examination (21%)
- Cranial nerve/CNS testing
- Motor testing
- Sensory testing
- Reflex testing
- Superficial reflexes
- Deep tendon reflexes
- Pathological reflexes
V. Clinical Diagnosis (39%)
- CNS disorders
- Peripheral neurologic/ neurovascular disorders
- Muscular disorders
- Bone and joint disorders
Diagnostic Imaging
I. X-ray Technology (10%)
- Physics and principles
- Quality assurance
- Radiographic imaging
- Radiologic protection
II. Radiographic Positioning and Normal Anatomy (21%)
- Spine and pelvis
- Extremities
- Thorax and abdomen
III. X-ray Diagnosis (50%)
- Congenital anomalies and normal variants
- Trauma
- Arthritides
- Tumors/tumor-like processes
- Nutritional, metabolic and endocrine
- Hematologic
- Infection
- Miscellaneous skeletal
- Thorax and abdomen
IV. Methods of Interpretation (8%)
- Biomechanical analysis/ mensuration procedures
- Film interpretation and report writing
V. Clinical Applications of Special Imaging (11%)
- MRI
- CT
- Miscellaneous
Principles of Chiropractic
I. The Chiropractic Paradigm (6%)
II. Concepts of Subluxation and Spinal Lesions (30%)
- Proprioceptive insult/somatosomatic reflex models
- Neural compression/traction models
- Visceral reflex models
- Vascular insufficiency models
- Axonal aberration/trophic models
- Neuroimmunomodulation models
- Biomechanical models
- Other
III. Basic Science Concepts in Chiropractic (32%)
- Anatomical
- Pathophysiological
- Biomechanical
IV. Applied Chiropractic Principles (32%)
- Subluxation etiologies
- General effects of adjustment and manipulation
- Wellness
Chiropractic Practice
I. Spinal Analysis and Evaluation (33%)
- Case history and observation findings
- Manual examination of the spine
- Diagnostic procedures
II. Chiropractic Adjustive Technique (35%)
- Cervical techniques
- Thoracic techniques
- Lumbar techniques
- Pelvic techniques
- Costal and extremity techniques
III. Patient Care (32%)
- Case management
- Contraindications for treatment
- Home care, prevention and rehabilitation
Associated Clinical Sciences
I. Geriatrics (14%)
- Anatomic and physiologic process of aging
- Geriatric disorders and case management
II. Dermatology (11%)
- Types of skin lesions
- Microbial infections
- Tumors
- Dermatitis
- Scaling diseases
- Vesicular and bullous diseases
- Pigmentary disorders
- Inflammatory reactions
- Disorders of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
III. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (9%)
- Gonorrhea
- Syphilis
- AIDS
- Chlamydia
- Herpes
- Other
IV. Toxicology (9%)
- Pharmacology
- Poisoning
- Environmental and occupational toxicology
V. Emergency Procedures (13%)
- Cardiopulmonary arrest
- Poisoning
- Thermal injuries
- Shock
- Head and spinal injuries
- Choking
- Fractures, dislocations, strains and sprains
- Other
VI. Psychology (11%)
- Theories and general concepts
- Mental and emotional disorders
- Assessment methods and case management
VII. Gynecology and Obstetrics (13%)
- Gynecological examination
- Breast examination and disorders
- Gynecological disease and abnormalities
- Pregnancy
- Labor and delivery
- Postpartum
- Obstetric disorders
VIII. Pediatrics (14%)
- Care of newborn
- Growth and development
- Congenital disorders
- Childhood infectious diseases
- Pathological conditions and childhood injuries
- Emotional disorders and learning disabilities
- Nutritional problems
IX. Jurisprudence, Ethics and Basic Economics (6%)
Part III: Test Plan
I. Case History (16%)
Competency description: The examinee will be asked to identify factors necessary for complete case history and to apply this knowledge to a clinical picture.
Examples include:
- Chief complaint
- Present illness
- Past history
- Family history
- Personal and social history
- Review of systems
II. Physical Examination (11%)
Competency description:
The examinee will be asked to select appropriate physical examination procedures and to apply knowledge of these procedures to a clinical picture.
Examples include:
- General survey
- Head and neck examination
- Thorax and lung examination
- Cardiovascular examination
- Breast and axilla examination
- Abdominal examination
- Urogenital examination
- Rectal examination
III. Neuromusculoskeletal Examination (13%)
Competency description:
The examinee will be asked to select appropriate neuromusculoskeletal examination procedures and to apply knowledge of these procedures to a clinical picture.
Examples include:
- Posture and locomotion assessment
- Standard spinal and extremity orthopedic procedures
- Standard neurologic testing procedures
- Peripheral vascular examination procedures
IV. Roentgenologic Examination (11%)
Competency description:
The examinee will be asked to demonstrate knowledge of all areas of chiropractic roentgenology.
Examples include:
- X-ray physics and exposure technique
- Indications and contraindications for radiographic procedures
- Patient protection
- Patient positioning
- Normal radiographic anatomy
- Radiographic analytic procedures
- Radiographic interpretation and diagnosis
V. Clinical Laboratory and Special Studies Examination (6%)
Competency description:
The examinee will be asked to demonstrate understanding of the rationale for ordering specific clinical laboratory tests and special studies and to demonstrate ability to interpret the results of these tests or studies.
Examples include:
- Urinalysis
- Hematology
- Serology
- Blood chemistries
- Stool analysis
- Serous fluid analysis
- Joint fluid analysis
- Diagnostic imaging modalities (other than plain-film X-ray)
- Electrophysiologic recordings (EEG, EKG, EMG, and NCV)
VI. Diagnosis or Clinical Impression (12%)
Competency description:
Based on information gathered in the various areas of examination, the examinee will be asked to identify the pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for a patient’s complaints.
Examples include:
- History
- Physical and neuromusculoskeletal examinations
- Roentgenologic examination
- Clinical laboratory and special studies examinations
VII. Chiropractic Techniques (11%)
Competency description:
The examinee will be asked to demonstrate knowledge of all areas of chiropractic technique.
Examples include:
- Spinal analysis
- Spinal adjustive techniques
- Extremity adjustive techniques
- Skeletal biomechanics
- Non-adjustive techniques
VIII. Supportive Techniques (8%)
Competency description:
The examinee will be asked to demonstrate knowledge of techniques and procedures that are supportive of or adjunctive to the chiropractic adjustment.
Examples include:
- Physiotherapy
- Nutrition
- Corrective exercises
- Protective body mechanics
- Patient education and home care
IX. Case Management (12%)
Competency description:
The examinee will be asked to select an approach to the management or disposition of a case that is consistent with the clinical impression or diagnosis.
Examples include:
- Indications and contraindications for chiropractic care
- Formulation of treatment plan
- Appropriate procedures for case follow-up and review
- Patient referral
Physiotherapy: Test Plan
Printable Physiotherapy Test Plan
I. Passive Adjunctive Procedures
A. Thermotherapy (16%)
- Infrared
- Paraffin
- Hot moist packs
- Hydrotherapy
- Ultrasound
- Diathermy
- Cryotherapy
B. Electrotherapy (14%)
- Interferential current
- High voltage therapy
- Low volt galvanism/iontophoresis
- Electrical muscle stimulation
- TENS
- Microcurrent
C. Mechanotherapy (11%)
- Cervical / lumbar traction
- Massage, vibration and trigger point therapy
- Bracing/orthotics
- Taping
D. Phototherapy (4%)
- Cold laser
- Ultraviolet
II. Active Adjunctive Procedures
A. Functional assessment (5%)
- Gait
- Movement patterns
- Muscular imbalances
B. Physical rehabilitation (50%)
- Exercise physiology
- Stretching exercises
- Strength training exercises
- Neuromuscular rehabilitation
- Stability training
- Endurance training
- Disorder-specific rehabilitation
Acupuncture: Test Plan
Printable Acupuncture Test Plan
I. History/Philosophy of Acupuncture in a Chiropractic Setting (5%)
- Yin-Yang theory
- Five Element theory
- Chiropractic and acupuncture history and philosophy
II. Organs, Qi, and Fluid (12%)
- Yin/Zang organs
- Yang/Fu organs
- Qi and fluids
III. Channels/Pathways (18%)
- Meridians and collaterals
- Eight Extra meridians
IV. Acupoints (30%)
- Classification and nomenclature
- Methods of locating acupoints
- Specific points of limbs
- Specific points on head and trunk
- Eight Influential points
- Extraordinary points
- Auriculotherapy
V. Acupuncture Techniques (5%)
- Moxibustion
- Needling methods
- Cupping
VI. Basic Treatment Tenets/ Protocols (20%)
- Headaches
- Back/neck
- Extremities
- Organ dysfunction
VII. Safety and Hygiene (10%)
- Clean Needle Technique
- Precautions/ contraindications to treatment
- Management of possible accidents